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By Frederick Noronha If government-to-citizen initiatives are to succeed, Indian local language computing is a must. But with almost three dozen major languages and hundreds of dialects, the task is complex. Some headway is being made however, with the debut of a 'total Tamil' computer
 Long delayed in its arrival, Indian-language computing is today reaching out for help from varied sources, as a national-level Indic Computing meet held in Bangalore in the third week of September noted.
Distant expats, tiny groups of computing enthusiasts, elite research centres and language-speakers whom India doesn't have much contact with are all being looked to as allies in finding local language computing solutions for this country of one billion-plus.
Global expat communities -- with a deep interest in the subject and also the skills and funds -- could play an important role in this endeavour. The Tamil diaspora has been particularly strong in networking across national boundaries to find IT solutions. Globally, the English domination of computing has increased the problems of getting Indian scripts to work on this powerful tool. Besides, some South Indian language groups, including Kannada, feel that suggestions going to international decision-makers from officials in Delhi have been inadequate or largely attuned to the needs of North Indian tongues. But there's a lot of optimism on possibilities of wider networking. "I just met Laotian and Kampuchean experts who were keen to follow India's work on local language computing solutions," said Prof Pat Hall of the UK Open University, a close watcher of moves that could throw open computing to hundreds of millions in this region. Prof Hall points out that Burmese and some other South East Asian languages use the Brahmi script, which is closely related to Indic scripts. Burmese is spoken by an estimated 32 million mainly around Myanmar. India's situation is complex -- with some 33 major languages and 1,652 dialects from half-a-dozen different language groups - but not bleak. Solutions in a few major languages would immediately open up computing to hundreds of millions, for instance. "This is not rocket science. Solutions are possible. Indian-language word processors and spreadsheets are badly needed," says Venky Hariharan, a long-time campaigner on this front, now at the Mumbai-based Media Lab Asia. "But this is not just an engineering problem. There are cultural issues, linguistic ones, and questions of deployment involved," reminds Tapan Parikh, an expat now based in India, and keen to see some solutions on this front. One strategy of the Indic-Computing group will be to network with others working in the field -- ranging from the Free Software and Open Source networks like KDE to software giant Microsoft. Other smaller groups are also being seen as key players in the field -- including the IIT-Madras group that has been working and incubating innovative Indian-language solutions, the NCST (National Centre for Software Technology) in Mumbai, and the IIIT (International Institute of Information Technology) in Hyderabad, which has done impressive work on machine-language translation and related areas. Local GNU/Linux Users Groups, scattered volunteers spread across India to study and promote the use of Free and Open Source Software, are also being looked on as potential allies. India already has a wide network of LUG groups, as they're called, with bigger ones operating out of the metros and IT-oriented cities like Bangalore. This city, designated sometimes as the 'Silicon Valley of India', is already planning a major national meet called LinuxBangalore2002 in early December. Last year, over 2000 participants took part in this meet. Organisations trying to widen India's computing base and take IT solutions to the rural areas, are also searching for solutions. One example is Bangalore's Simputer network, which plans to take a sharable, low-cost people's computing device to the millions. IIT-Madras has also incubated firms -- such as n-Logue -- offering solutions for low-cost Internet and telephone access, which would also vastly gain from local language solutions. Other languages have gone far ahead. On the Internet, languages with far more complicated script problems have already made progress. For instance, it's already possible to list websites and do a search in non-Romanic Asian languages like Japanese, Chinese and Korean. But some Indian tongues are making headway. Tamil expat speakers in Toronto recently highlighted the success of Mandrake, a brand packaging GNU/Linux software, in coming out with a Tamil-enabled version. Commented Toronto-based expat V Venkataramanan: "A total Tamil computer is now available. With the release of Mandrake Linux 9.0, an average user should be able to operate a computer and use Internet -- all in Tamil." This means that for the first time, the prerequisite of English knowledge for using computers has been eliminated, at least for those who know Tamil. People throughout the world have been using computers and Internet in their own languages. Somehow, Indian users are compelled to use them in English. Indian engineers and scientists are a dominant force in the IT world, but have also faced criticism for being grossly negligent of the needs of the common man from their own region. "This has pushed India to the top of the list of countries suffering from the Digital Divide," argue campaigners like Venkataramanan. Several Tamil programmers however have been given credit for making computing more accessible in that language. Tamil GNU/Linux programmers currently come from regions as disparate as Canada, USA, Singapore, Japan, India and Malaysia, largely interacting through the web and Internet discussion groups. There's also an International Federation of Information Technology in Tamil (INFITT). In Malayalam, the Free Software Foundation-India is undertaking some
initiatives. Kannada has been spearheaded by groups like the Kannada Ganaka Parishad and scientists at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Hindi and Marathi have also been getting considerable attention. Bengali IT solution campaigners plan to share solutions with developers like Tani Ahmed in Bangladesh, while the same could apply with Urdu possibilities from Pakistan. "Most of our clients have a big need for Indic-language solutions," says
Sunil Abraham, whose Mahiti.org works in equipping not-for-profit grassroot organisations with IT solutions in Bangalore. "We're anyway heading towards a boom in Indian language computing. For all these plans of G2C (government-to-citizen) initiatives to succeed, we simply need it. Outside Delhi and Mumbai, people would still prefer to work in Indian languages on their computers," says Microsoft Corporation (India) localisation program manager Raveesh Gupta. (Frederick Noronha is a freelance journalist based in Goa-India interested in developmental issues) InfoChange News & Features, September 2002
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